A Characterization of Locally Testable Affine-Invariant Properties via Decomposition Theorems

Let $\mathcal{P}$ be a property of function $\mathbb{F}_p^n \to \{0,1\}$ for a fixed prime $p$. An algorithm is called a tester for $\mathcal{P}$ if, given a query access to the input function $f$, with high probability, it accepts when $f$ satisfies $\mathcal{P}$ and rejects when $f$ is "far" from satisfying $\mathcal{P}$. In this paper, we give a characterization of affine-invariant properties that are (two-sided error) testable with a constant number of queries. The characterization is stated in terms of decomposition theorems, which roughly claim that any function can be decomposed into a structured part that is a function of a constant number of polynomials, and a pseudo-random part whose Gowers norm is small. We first give an algorithm that tests whether the structured part of the input function has a specific form. Then we show that an affine-invariant property is testable with a constant number of queries if and only if it can be reduced to the problem of testing whether the structured part of the input function is close to one of a constant number of candidates.Comment: 27 pages, appearing in STOC 2014. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1306.0649, arXiv:1212.3849 by other author

Why people choose negative expected return assets - an empirical examination of a utility theoretic explanation

Using a theoretical extension of the Friedman and Savage (1948) utility function developed in Bhattacharyya (2003), we predict that for financial assets with negative expected returns, expected return will be a declining and convex function of skewness. Using a sample of U.S. state lottery games, we find that our theoretical conclusions are supported by the data. Our results have external validity as they also hold for an alternative and more aggregated sample of lottery game data.

Quantum integrability of bosonic Massive Thirring model in continuum

By using a variant of the quantum inverse scattering method, commutation relations between all elements of the quantum monodromy matrix of bosonic Massive Thirring (BMT) model are obtained. Using those relations, the quantum integrability of BMT model is established and the S-matrix of two-body scattering between the corresponding quasi particles has been obtained. It is observed that for some special values of the coupling constant, there exists an upper bound on the number of quasi-particles that can form a quantum-soliton state of BMT model. We also calculate the binding energy for a N-soliton state of quantum BMT model.Comment: Latex, 23 pages, no figure